Understanding Decompression Sickness

Decompression sickness occurs when nitrogen, absorbed by the body under high pressure during a dive, forms bubbles as the diver ascends too quickly. These bubbles can block blood flow or cause other physiological issues, leading to symptoms ranging from joint pain and fatigue to life-threatening conditions like paralysis or stroke.

Why Use a Decompression Chamber?

A decompression chamber is used to simulate increased atmospheric pressure, helping dissolve nitrogen bubbles in the blood and tissues. This controlled environment allows the body to safely eliminate excess nitrogen, reducing symptoms and preventing further complications.

How Long Does a Diver Stay in the Chamber?

The duration of time a diver spends in a decompression chamber depends on several factors:  

1. Severity of the Condition

   - For mild cases of decompression sickness, treatment typically lasts a few hours.  

   - Severe cases, involving neurological symptoms or extensive bubble formation, may require multiple sessions over several days.  

2. Recompression Protocols

The most widely used protocol is the U.S. Navy Treatment Table 6, which lasts about 4 to 5 hours. It involves recompressing the diver to 60 feet of seawater (equivalent pressure) and gradually reducing the pressure over time. Adjustments are made depending on the diver’s response to treatment.  

3. Individual Response

   Some divers respond quickly to treatment and may only require one session, while others need multiple sessions for complete recovery.  

4. Depth and Duration of the Dive

   Deep or prolonged dives increase the amount of nitrogen absorbed, potentially requiring longer chamber sessions to resolve symptoms fully.  

Post-Treatment Considerations

After treatment, divers are often advised to:  

- Avoid diving for a specified period, usually weeks to months, depending on the severity of the incident.  

- Undergo medical evaluations to ensure full recovery before resuming diving activities.  

Prevention Is Key

To reduce the risk of decompression sickness and avoid the need for a decompression chamber:  

- Ascend slowly and follow all dive tables or computer guidelines.  

- Plan dives conservatively, accounting for depth, time, and repetitive dives.  

- Stay hydrated and avoid alcohol or heavy exertion before and after diving.  

Conclusion

The time divers spend in a decompression chamber can vary widely, from a few hours to multiple sessions over several days, depending on the severity of their condition and the treatment protocol used. While decompression chambers are lifesaving, the best strategy is prevention through careful dive planning and adherence to safe diving practices.